System for heat accelerated coloring or permanent waving of hair on the human scalp



MTR24 3,437,095 R RMANENT WAVING A Aprll 8, 1969 w 01"r ET AL SYSTEM maHEAT ACCELERATED comma OF HAIR ON THE HUMAN Filed Sept. 9. 1966 SheetINVENTORS. MORTON W. SCOTT RAYMOND K. HAYES SOL LEVINE L lnz gzgATTORNEYS A5? 8 ..1969 l w M, scoT-r ETAL 3,437,095 SYSTEM FOR HEATACCELERAQTED COLORING OR PERMANENT WAVING or mm on THE nun/m SOALP FiledSept. 9. 1966 I Sheet 013 INVENTORS MORTON W. SCOTT RAYMOND K. HAYES SOLLEVINE ATTORNEYS April 8, 1969 W. SCOTT ETAL M. SYSTEM FOR HEATACCELERATED CO Filed Sept. 9. 1966 OF HAIR ON THE 3,43 7,095 LORING onPERMANENT WAVING HUMAN SCALP Sheet 3 of3 INVENTORS MORTON W. SCOTTRAYMOND K. HAYES SOL LEVINE 1441, AZL QL KTTORNQXS United States PatentABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A treatment method comprising applying tohair a chemical coloring or permanent waving agent and then placing onsuch hair an imperforate hood which has been previously treated byelectrically energizing a resistance heating element in the hood. Thehood is disconnected from electricity before placement on the head. Thehood includes a thick flexible mass of heat insulation predominantlylocated between the resistance heating element and the exterior surfaceof the hood and which serves as a source of stored heat that isdischarged toward the hair for accelerating the treatment thereof.

This invention relates to a system for heat accelerated coloring orpermanent waving of hair on the human scalp. Although not sospecifically limited, the present invention is principally usedcommercially as an electricallygenerated stored-heat type of apparatusand method for accelerating a change in the color of hair on the humanscalp.

Changing the color of hair on the human scalp, hereinafter simplyreferred to as coloring, may proceed in either of two directions, i.e.,lightening ol' darkening. To lighten the hair the same conventionally istreated with an oxidizing composition such, for example, as onecontaining hydrogen peroxide, which will bleach the same. The bleachingcan be carried out to various degrees, depending upon the patron'sdesire. For instance, it can be effective to only a minor extent so asto slightly lighten the shade, but not change the color of the hair, orit can be performed to the point that the hair changes its color, forinstance, from black to brown to red to gold to yellow to platinum,stopping at anypreselected point. In darkening the hair the change maybe simply a darkening in shade with no change in color, or it may be achange from one color to another. Darkening is effected by applying ahair dyeing composition which may be of a permanent type or asemipermanent type, or a temporary, i.e., superficial, type. Usually,the dye is an oxidation dye, that is to say, a dye that is applied tothe hair in the presence of an oxidizing agent, which causes the dye tobecome effective to color the hair. Inasmuch as the present inventionuses conventional bleaching compositions and conventional dyeingcompositions, no detailed description thereof will be given.

For many years it has been the custom to color a patron's hair, i.e.,lighten or darken the color of a patrons hair, by applying the coloringcomposition (bleaching composition or dyeing composition) in the coldand allowing the coloring to take place in the absence of externallyPatented Apr. 8, 1969 applied heat until such time as the desired changein color was reached. The time necessary to effect the change in coloroften was very lengthy. It might vary from as little as fifteen minutesto up to as much as two and one-half hours, and sometimes more. Womenbecame resigned to this protracted treatment. Proposals had been made toshorten such treatment by the application of heat in various manners.Thus, it has been suggested that heat be applied in the form of steamwith or without ozone, or that heat be applied in the form of radiofrequency energy. But, such methods and equipment did not secureappreciable public acceptance for various reasons, such as aninsuilicient shortening in time, expensive and/or complex and delicateequipment, and degradation of desirable characteristics of the hair.

It is an object of our present invention to provide a new and improvedsystem for treatment of hair on the human scalp which is not subject toany of the foregoing drawbacks and leaves the hair in excellentcondition, almost as good as virgin hair.

It is another object of our invention to provide a system of thecharacter described which employs heat-generating coloring equipment inthe form of a light, small, inexpensive machine, machine being usedherein in its broadest sense to denote an assemblage of cooperatingmechanical elements. However, the word machine" is almost too formidablefor application to the equipment of our present invention, inasmuch assaid equipment constitutes a lightweight, semirigid, flexible hood witha lightweight flexible heating element therein, all of suprisinglysimple design.

It is another object of our invention to provide a system of thecharacter described in which the equipment that is applied to the head,although electrically energized for charging with heat, is designed tobe electrically, and, optionally, also physically, disconnected from asource of electric power when it is applied to the head.

It is another object of our invention to provide a system of thecharacter described in which the equipment employed is designed to bebeat charged electrically when oil the head, which further is designedso that it will store up heat when so charged off the head, and which,when electrically disconnected from a source of electric power andapplied to the head, will deliver its stored heat safely, over anextended period, and in an efiicient manner to hair with a chemicalcoloring or permanent waving agent thereon so as to accelerate theaction of such agent upon the hair.

It is another object of our invention to provide a system of thecharacter described including both a method and an apparatus which willapply heat in a substantially uniform manner to the hair for coloring orpermanent waving thereof and which thereby will attain a high degree ofuniformity of such coloring or waving.

It is another object of our invention to provide a system of thecharacter described in which irritation of the scalp is avoided, notonly because of the shortened time of processing, but further because ofthe comparative mildness of the heat, the temperature being closelycontrolled, so that under no circumstances can it cause discomfort to apatron's scalp. e

It is another object of our invention provide a system of the characterdescribed which opefates in a manner that is economically advantageousto both the operator and the patron, this being brought about byshortening of so designed. that tliecoloring or waving time and thereduction in the cost of the equipment which is employed.

It is another object of our invention to provide a system of thecharacter described in which the equipment is so designed that there ispractically a complete absence of air flow around and through the hairduring its coloring or waving, that is to say, in which the equipmentconfines the hair very closely, so that there is a minimum transfer ofheat by convection and almost total reliance is placed upon transfer ofheat from the equipment to the hair and to the chemical coloring. orwaving agent by radiation.

It is another object of our invention to provide a systemof thecharacter described in which the equipment,- viz, the. hood, ischaracterized by its semirigidity and flexibility, in order to obtainthe close confinement 1115i referred to, andalso to enable the equipmentto accommodate various amounts of hair, the hair being sparse and shorton some patrons and. long and abundant on others, so that-all of thesecan be treated with the same or a very few different pieces ofequipment.

It is another object of our inventionto provide a systern of thecharacter described in which theequiprrwnt is it will totally cover anduniformly proc cs8 all the'hair on a human scalp, including low frontalhair, if such should be the case, hair growing over the ear lobes, andhair growinglow onthe nape ofthe neck.

It is another object of our invention to provide a system ofthecharacter described in which the equipment is designed to obtainparticularly good eiiiciency of transmission of heat from the equipmentto the hair by radiation.

It is another object of our invention to provide a system. of thecharacter described in. which the equipment is designed to maintainstored up heat for a period of time suficiently extended to carry outthe coloring or waving. either completely or to a substantial extent,and furthermore will by cooling off automatically terminate the coloringor waving treatment so that the hair will not be overt reated' and thesystem, in elfect, automatically shuts. itself Qfi.

It is. another object. of our invention to provide asystemof thecharacter described in. which the equipment is so constructed andarranged that it can be easily coupled to and left hanging from aconventional electric wall outlot. while heat-charging, employingapparatus h cha t ng If. is another object of our invention to providea. system of thecharacter described in whichthe equipment s so d ig edthat lu g heatrc a g e it. accumulates andstores but wi h m imum emciew, thus av g tim and e pense.

Other Objects of our invention in part will be obvious and in part willbe pointed. out hereinafter.

In the accompanying. drawings in which isshown one of the variouspossible. embodiments of our invention:

FIG. I is a perspective view of the hood of our invention plugged into aduplex wall outlet during a heatcltatging operation;

FIG. '2; is a perspective view of the hood as it appears when placed onthe head during a, hair dyeing'opera'tion;

FIG. 3 is a vertical central sectional view through the hood showing thesame on a woman's head;

FIG. 4. is an enlarged fragmentary. perspective view taken substantiallyalong the line 4-4 of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a perspective schematic view of the heating element of anotherhood embodying our invention and showing a preferred pattern forarrangement of the resistance wire. therein;

FIG. 6 is a developed view of the heating element shown in FIG. 5.

E$SHil8 llyi out our invention by providing a hood which is semirigidand flexible. The hood incorporates an internal thermostaticallycontrolled flexible areal heating element which is located adjace t th ill thereby avoiding the necessity: of o mounti g the: quip ent u of thehood. The heating element extends over substantially the entire innersurface ofthe hood. It is backed up by flexible heat insulation which isdisposed between the heating element and the outer surface of the hood.Various types of heat insulation may be employed singly or incombination. The heat insulation serves two purposes. One is to maintaina steep heat gradient from the heating element to the external surfaceof the hood, so that an operator can handle the hood comfortably andwithout burning herself. Just as important, however, is the secondfunction of the heat insulation, which is to act as a heataccumulatonoriheat. storage mass, to wit, a heat bank or heat sink fromwhich heat is dispensed slowly from the internal surface of the hoodduring hair coloring or permanent waving. The heat insulation may be ofa natural or synthetic material, for example, jute, sisal, asbestos orfiberglass, the. same essentially being fibrous, with the fibersinterlocked and providing semiconfined air spaces therebetween. Anotherexcellent heat insulation material is an expanded or cellular plasticfoam such for example as foamed rubber, foamed polystyrene and foamedpolyurethane; the cells of the foam may be interconnected or discrete;The hood is formed so that it is deeper at the back than at the frontand has a sloping mouth which. is inclined upwardly from the rear whenplaced on. awoman: head. Preferably, the. mouth is substantially. plane,that is to say, it does not have cut-outs, or protuberances, or acurvature when viewed from the side. The purpose of this planeconfiguration will be pointed. out hereinafter.

To heat-charge the hood, the heating; element is electrically connectedto a. source of electric powerand left connected for a period of timelong enough to heat the hood to the desired temperature.

In the preferred form of our invention the heating ele-. ment isarranged to be connected to a wall outletby means of a conventionaltwin-bladed lug. However, the flexible lead from the power plug, to eheating element protrudes from the hood for a very short distance, forexample, from. about zero inches tothree inches and the power plug is.located. at the center of the back of the hood. Thereby, when the plugis otmpled to the mail outlet during the heat-charging periodfor thehood, the plug functions not only to electrically connect the hood to asource of electric power, but as a physical support for the hood. Duringthis period the hood dangles from the power plug, but because ofthe'overbalancing efl'egt of having the center of gravity of the hoodaway from the wall, the hood tends in win on th lead about the plug soits to abut against the w l, and since, as no ed previously, the mouthof the hood is lane, the entire month abuts the wall, thereby tending tosubstantially seal; 6E

said mouth and thus the interior of the hoo Such action substantiallyprevents leakage of heat from the hood during the heat storage periodand thus shortens saidperiod.

After the hood has been charged up, to a sufiiciently high temperature,to wit, an internal temperature of abou F. to F., it is uncoupled fromthe wall outlet and is placed on a patron's head, the patron pre ou lyhaving had applied to her hair the chemical composition for coloring orpermanently waving her hair, for example, hydrogen peroxidev in acarrier and with an activator, or an oxidation type dyeing composition.together with hydrogen peroxide, these being compositions in everydaycommercial use for bleaching or dyeing. without heat acceleration. Thecomposition may be a hair softening agent, e.g., ammonium thioglycolateadjusted to a pH of about 9.3. At this time the patron's hair tted withthe chemical composition and is in the form of khapeless mass of I hairwhich lies closely against her scalp and Eence can conveniently beconfined closely within the hood. The hoo is left on the head for aperiod of time suflicient to effect the treatment and is then removed.It will be appreciated, of course, that the hood is electrically andphysically disconnected from the wall outlet during the time that it isupon the patrons head and hence the patron is free to move about withinthe beauty parlor, not being confined to the site of a large heatingmachine. Instead of physically uncoupling the plug, a long power leadmay be employed including an off-on switch to electrically disconnectthe heating element from the source of electric power.

Referring now in detail to the drawings, the reference numeral denotes ahood having a special construction pursuant to our invention. Said hoodconstitutes an inner layer 12 and an outer layer 14 cut and stitchedinto the shapes of helmets with the inner helmet smaller than the outerto provide a space therebetween that is filled in a manner which soonwill be described. The two helmets are joined to one another at theirperimeters, as by stitching 16, to form the open mouth of the hood.

The particular configuration of the hood and its ornamentation can varyas desired. As illustrated here, the hood is shown in the shape of aturban. Exemplificative of other configurations are: an invertedtruncate cone resembling an Egyptian bat, an ovid resembling a cloche, awig-type style, and a Dutch bonnet. Regardlessof the style orornamentation, the inner layer 12 is of helmet configuration designed toclosely fit about an average woman's head with a mass of wetted hairarranged thereon in random fashion close to the scalp; The outer layer14 is configured to be spaced from the inner layer by at least asuflicient distance to accommodate the heat insulation which soon willbe described and may be spaced further therefrom if some particularornamental eonfiguration is desired for the outer helmet. The insulationmay fill up the entire space between the two layers or if the outerlayer is so configured as to provide space for more insulation than isdesired, a polling material may be employed having no high insulatingvalue, or the outer layer may be stiffened or reinforced to maintain ashape spaced from the insulation.

The inner and outer layers may be manufactured from any suitable type offlexible sheet material. By way of example, in a helmet embodying ourinvention, which will give satisfactory results, the inner'layer mayconstitute a plain imperforate sheet ofnatural or synthetic rubber,e.g., natural rubber, neoprene or butyl rubber. This layer can be quitethin, 15 thousandths of an inch having been found acceptable. Goodresults also are obtained with layers as thin as 5 thousandths of aninch or as thick as A of an inch. The outer layer may be an ornamentedpolyvinyl sheet, preferably imperforate, having a thickness of 25thousandths of an inch. This too, of

course, can be varied widely and, by way of example,

can range from yi of an'inch to A of an inch. We

may also employ fabrics, such for instance, as a sheet of knitted,felted or woven cotton, synthetic or animal One feature of the innerlayer to which particular 'at tention is directed is that it desirablyis dark in color, e.g., black or brown or blue, the purpose thereofbeing to obtain good radiation emission.

The reference numeral 18 denotes a flexible areal heating element whichforms a part of our hood. Said heating element can be mounted on aseparate sheet which is subsequently attached, as by adhesives orstitching, to the inner face of the inner layer 12, or, for economy ofmanufacture and better efliciency of operation, the heating element canbe applied directly without interposition of a carrier layer to theinner surface of the inner layer. The heating element is characterizedby the fact that it is of a generally over-all wide-area configuration,herein referred to as areal," that is to say, it is constructed anddesigned to extend over a large area, in this case over substantiallythe entire area of the inner layer.

Any known type of flexible areal heating element can be employed forthis purpose, such, for instance, as a resistance heating element whichis woven or knitted into a layer of fabric. For purposes of economy, weprefer to employ a simpler, less expensive type of flexible area]heating element, to wit, a heating element which constitutes pluralloops of resistance wire. Specifically, the heating element showncomprises a length of resistance wire 20, e.g., Nichrome wire, spiraledabout an asbestos core and encased within an electrically nonconductivesheath 22. The sheath desirably is also of a heat insulating nature, asuitable sheath being a loosely felted tube of asbestos fibers. As isconventional, one or a few strands of thread, e.g., cotton thread, arewound about the exterior of the asbestos sheath to assist in maintainingthe same in place around the resistance wire. The wire with its heatinsulating sheath is arranged in loops in such fashion as to form aflexible areal heating element that will substantially extend over theentire inside surface of the inner layer 12. The loops consist ofreaches joined by bights and may be laid out in the fashion indicated inFIG. 3, to wit, with one set of bights near the crown of the hood, andthe other set of bights near the perimeter forming the mouth of thehood, so that the reaches extend radially from the mouth to the crown ofthe hood. It obviously is impractical to solidly cover the interior ofthe hood with the resistance wire, but rather, in the fashion of heatingblankets and heating pads, the reaches are spaced apart from oneanother, for instance, in the order from one-half of an inch tothree-quarters of an inch.

Any suitable means is employed to attach the flexible areal heatingelement to the interior surface of the inner layer 12, typicallystitching or an adhesive being utilized. In the particular form of ourinventionshown, we attach the heating element to the interior surface ofthe inner layer with a rubber adhesive.

It will be observed from the foregoing, and it is a feature of ourinvention, that there is a minimum of heat insulation between theflexible areal heating element and the interior of the hood. Theinsulating and heat storage capacity of the inner layer 12 is small. Theheat insulation factor is imparted by the sheath 22 is unavoidableinasmuch as it is necessary to provide electrical insulation to avoidaccidental shorting between different portions of the resistance wireand since the electrical insulation must be of a type which will notdeteriorate, burn or char under the operating temperature of the wirewhich is quite high. Moreover, the asbestos sheath is part of theflexible heating element itself so that there is essentially no heatinsulation between the heating element and the interior of the hood. Theinner layer likewise is composed of material that is not adverselyaffected by the heat emitted by the heating element.

Heat insulation is provided between the areal heating element 18 and theouter layer 14 of the hood and completely covering the exterior ofsurface of said heating element. Thus, essentially the heat insulationfor the heating element is, in accordance with our invention, quitelopsided, being minimal on the interior side of the areal heatingelement and predominantly, indeed, essentially solely, on the exteriorside of the areal heating element. As shown herein, the heat insulationfor the heating element is in the form of two flexible areal coextensiveheat insulation layers, to wit, an interior flexible areal layer 24, andan exterior flexible areal layer 26, which function conjointly for thesame purpose, i.e., to create a steep heat gradient between the innerand outer layers 12, 14, and to form a mass in which heat can be stored.The inner layer 24 may, for example, be in the form of a quarter inchthick felt of sisal fibers, while the outer layer 26 may be in the formof a hat of glass'wool ranging from about to 15 inch in thickness. In asatisfactory working embodiment of our invention the total area of thesisal insulation is about inches, the same corresponding to the area ofthe inside of the hood. In the same embodiment the total area of thefiberglass ulation is about 240 square inches, such insulation being"ofdouble thickness over the crown and back of the hood where the hair iscustomarily of increased thickness when wetted with a treatingcomposition and randomly piled up on the scalp.

The insulation layers-are in the shape of the space. between theinnerand outer layers. 12. 14.

Preferably, the total weight of the. hood. is kept reason ably low, sothat the. same will be. comiortable on a. woman's head andthereby its.use encouraged; A typical weight for the hood is 30.0. grams. However,we contemplate a weight which may vary as much. as from 10.0. grams. to230.0 grams.

In the aforesaid embodiment of our invention we have obtained.satisfactory results where the total length of the. Nichrorne wire(coiled about the core which in turn is arranged in loops and bights)is. about 350, inches, itsresistancc being about 20.0. ohms. and itspower consumption being about 6,0 watts -at 110. volts.

The temperature of the hood is controlled by any suitable means, such,for instance, as thermostats, two thermostats. 18 here being shown. Thethermostats areconnected in series between the heating element and aflexible line 311 which leads to tr twin-bladed. plug 312. Thethermostats. are physically located in juxtaposition. to the heatingelement. Said line 351 extends through a grommet 3.4 in the. inner layer12. near the open mouth of the cap. at the rear ere f. The. plug isoutside of the grommet. Aswe pointed out above, the shape of. the mouthhood -desi rably is such that said mouth is substantially plane when thehood. is open. The gronunet serves to. locate. and aid in supportingtheline 30. and. if desired the. gr mme and/or line mayinclude a. suitable.strain relief (not shown). Theline. 3.0, is of such lengthin apreferrcdform. of our invention that the line end or the plug is at or closelyadjacent to the grommet. We. have secured excellent results where thereis substantially no space between the line end of the plug and thegrommet. However. we, also have obtained sati'siaetory results with upvto 3 inches of exposed line. if desired the flexible line m y 2 severalfeet long and include a manually controlled oE-on switch to electricallydisconnect the heating ele-- ment iron: at source of electric power afer t hood is. charger] sufliciently. with heat and before it is placed.on he h ad.

In. order to shield back of the user's neck from the p us and s bl d e.nco pora e a o ble t 36 n t e th sam be a by s nsr o the exposed. i thinner. ay r in front oi the plug 32 (see FIG. 2). tab is in apQfiitiO ano a s z o ov r th P1E- th o tats 2a. are o ome s to cu out. electricpower to the heating element (when the plug ill; is coupl d o a. walloutlet). at a tempe at re f abou 1 0' to, 19,0 F. In the particularembodiment of our invention. above reficrrcd to, the thermostats aresetat 178' F. plus or m n s 6. E. t i b ng e t mpe atu t the real heatingelement and, efiectively, the temperature atthe eitn se surface the.inner y r 12.

The thickness. and type of the heat insulation and the configuration andelectrical characteristics of the areal. heating element are such thataiter the. plug 31 is inserted into awall outlet, asshown in FIG. 1,with its plane month resting against the wall and witha 110 volt sourceoi supply, the exposed. inner surface of the hood... i.e., the exp sed.ex e s rface at the inne layer 12. will reach a temperature of at. least100' F. within about five minutes and will reachan. equilibriumtemperature not exceeding about 19.0 F. and not less. than about 150'F., e.g., an equilibrium temperature of about 165 F., within. abouteight to. fifteen minutes. The equilibrium temperature to which we arereferring is notfthe temperature of the. resistance wire. duringheating, nor the temperaturepfi the inner layer immediately in contactwith the heating n wh n. t atter is b ing energ ze but, rat r, is theapproirimately uniform temperature of the. tuner layer after the heatingeelment'has been cut 0E b5? 1 thermostats for about ten. tofifteenseconds, or, for convenience, the temperature. oi th e inner ayer. m w ybetween a pair of adjacent reaches, of the hea naw l 'fi- The. relativeweights and charatceristics of the heat insulation and; heating elementare also such that when the plug is disconnected from a wall outlet andthe hood is. allowed to cool without a. forced flow. of air and. while.the hood is in an atmosphere at ordinary room temperatures. Of fromabout 25. to. 3.0 C., the mouth of the hood it ng. xposed to suchair,the hood after being heated (heat-charged), to equilibrium. in theaforesaid. manner, Will. cool to. a temperature on the exposed side ofits inner layer oi from about 1.00. F. to 145 F. afler five minutes. anda temperature of from about 90, F. to about 1.35 F. after about. eightminutes. We believe, that for best results the temperatureoi the exposedsurface of the inner layer after about five minutes of cooling in the Iaforesaid manner subsequent. to heating should be about to F. It hasbeen found. that the foregoing heat a d electrical. characteristics ofthe hood will provide a steep heat. gradient and a heat storage masscapable oi furnishing heat for a protractedperiod of time at asufficiently elevated temperature to obtain. excellent results fortreatm nt. o hair on the human s lp w c hair has. h app i d h e ome ortof a treating ag n u h r quant ze as a hair co oring Q mPQ i ion. Moreoe the fact t the operates to color or permanently wave the wh ejit is co ing. an not con t d to a sou ielectric power causes. the hood. to autmat al x ph p ocess ngwhen the cooli a u dsd fa enough t etfe i y haltprocessing. This prevents o-verproccss- In FIG 5: and 6; we have i lusra a a ernat f rm of flegtible areal heating element 18 which we havefound. o e r r i zul r y cft c iv in bt ing a uniforr he charging of theinsulation and, hence, a consequent uniform radiation-dispensingpattern. of heat during the discharge processing period when the hood isdisconnected item a source of electric power FIG. 5' shows the said h atng element 1. at er it has been made but b t has been interposed betweenthe inner and. outer layers 12,. -14 of the hood, while. FIG. 6, showsthe. element 18' t e as; r i s manut c u sr to wk the resistance wirehas been cemented to a fabric carrier and while the is ai o t n th fla befor th a rier has h d s part arrang d h l t geth r in a t r dimensionalshape corresponding to the shape of the hood.

The. heating elernent l8- constitutes a carrier 40 of fabric, e.g.,linen or buckrann out out in the flat ll. a ati r (F F G. 6} with thebases f. the sides bes 4236 r nn ng a o g 8 i u m with thebase of thecentral lobe 4,4..Ihe said base line. is upwardly slo at its opposite.ends to impart the upward sweep from e rear to the trout of the mouth oithe hood. The inner edges 48, 50 of the side lobes are of the samelength as and are secured as by stitching 52 to the sides f c n r l lobeai de lo e me ing a e p 54 Of he cen r l. lobe an h Oliwr edges of eside lobes being oi the same length and being secured to one. another asby stitching 6.0 to transform the trilobate carrier 40 into the shape ofa hood (see FIG. 5) with the central obe 4 ex d ng from t ba e ge.which. is the back, edge of the. hood, upwardly and forwardly over theof the helmet. The side lobes. 4 2, 46 ezttend c um erent l n ar y o. hae th r u r e ge 56 58 meet along'a line running verticalhf upwardly ande tendi g t t t ut center o e b om e g o th hood to the tip 54 of theforwardlyfold'ed central lobe.

e ea in i e a '5 i c eng h of N ch rn having a of 17%. ohms to the footthe Nichrcm wir b in pi led. about an asb s co e feet in length coveredby -an asbestos sheath. This continuous length cemented to the trilobatecarrier as hown. i IG-1 6; to w t. in p rs ra a l n e y iqined" at a psite ds. by ghta. the sashes .in'c ch. a s ex en ing i mu ua y pa all l.rela ionship from he.

toward tin oi the. lobeflhereby the three-dimenhea ius un t 1 v has thereaches in the central o extending from back to front over the down ofthe hood (see FIG. while the reaches in the side lobes extendcircumferentially around the temples from the nape to the forehead.

To practice the method of our invention, the hood is plugged into a Walloutlet, as illustrated in FIG. 10. It will be observed that the centerof gravity of the hood is spaced from the wall and therefore tends toswing the mouth of the'hood into contact with the wall, the flexiblelead 30 acting as a hinge. However, since the'mouth of the hood isplane, substantially the entire periphery of the hood at its mouth is Ht against the wall, so that during the heating period there is-a minimaltendency for heat to, escape from the hood because of convection. In thepreferred form of our invention, the shortness of the lead wire betweenthe plug and the grommet encourages this flat abutment of the hoodagainst the wall and also locates the hood in a convenient spot to beplugged into a wall outlet and to be disengaged therefrom.

Due to the construction a'ndarrangement of the heat insulation and theareal heating element, the hood will, after a relatively shortperiod oftime, e.g., eight to fifteen minutes, under thermostatic control, beraised to an internal equilibrium temperature (temperature at theexposed surface of the inner layer) of about 150 to 190' F., andpreferably between about 160 to 180 F. The insula tion is so designedthat at equilibrium condition (in a room at a temperature of 70' F.) theexternal surface of the outer layer 14 will not be higher than 120 F.,so that the hood can be comfortably handled by an operator. Thereafter,the hood, now having been heatchar ed to an elevated temperature, isdisconnected from the source of electric power, this being accomplishedin the preferred form of our invention by uncoupling the hood from thewall outlet, and the hood is placed on a patron's hair which previouslyhas had applied thereto a permanent waving agent or a coloring agent.During the period of time that it takes to convert the hood from itsheatcharging mode to its hair treating mode by disconnecting it from asource of power and transferring it from the position it occupied duringheating to that it occupies when treating the hair, the temperatureofthe heating element and the portions of the inner layer in juxtapositiontherewith will substantially blend to a uniform temperature so therewill be no noticeable hot spots. This,temperature, which does not exceed190 F. and is not less than 150' R, will not burn the patron, since atthis time the majority of theheat is absorbed by the treating agentwhich is liberally applied to the patron's hair.

As best seen in FIG. 3, the hood is so designed that it will cover thehair on the forehead of the wearer, the hair over the crown of her head,the hair which may fall over her ear lobes, and the hair down to thenape of the neck. However, the hood will leave a clear space for forwardvision of the patron.

We have discovered that, using ing agents or permanent waving agents anda hood such as described above under the circumstances above set forththe treatment time is reduced to approximately $6 to ,5 the time whichwould be required without the application of our heat acceleratingequipment.

We have heretofore mentioned the fact that the hair coloring orpermanent waving agents used in connection with our process areconventional in the art, as is their application to the hair, the onlyimprovement residing in the fact that we accelerate the coloring orpermanent waving by applying to the air, after the coloring or permanentwaving agents have been placed thereon, a unit including a heat storagemass which has been heat-charged by electrically heating its innersurface, but is disconnected from electric power during the heatcoloring or permanent waving of the hair. The treating agent, i.e., thecoloring or permanent waving agent, may be water-based or in the form ofa lotion, or a jelly, or a thixotropic mass, all of which are soconventional that they will not be described here in detail.

conventional hair color- 10 By way of example, one specific conventionalcoloring composition which can be used in our process is the followingwhich consists of two packages. The first package contains the belowlisted compounds.

Percentage by weight p-Aminodiphenylamine 0.05 4-amino-2-nltrophen0l 0.1p-Aminophenol 0.21 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine 0.1 p-Phenylenediamine 2.1Fusion mixture #1 0.2 Pyrogallol 0.2 Resorcinol 1.4 Sodium sulphite(preservative) 0.2 Ammonium hydroxide sufiicient to adjust to pH ofabout 9. Ethyl alcohol proof) qs to 100 Fusion mixture #1 consists ofequal parts of 4-nitroo'pbenylenediamine, l and2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine-1 which are. mixed together and fused atabout 300' F. and then powdered.

The second package consists of 20 volume hydrogen peroxide stabilizedwith 1% of sodium stannate.

Immediately before use equal parts by volume of the compositions of thetwo packages are mixed together. The composite composition will colorhair dark brown.

This composite coloring composition is for applications to blonde orlight brown hair. At room temperature it will change the color oflighter hair to dark brown in about 25 to 45 minutes depending upon thetexture of the hair and the starting color.

When the same coloring composition is applied to hair and thereafter ahood embodying our invention and heat-charged to a temperature of aboutF. is placed on the thus wetted hair the hair will change its color todark brown in about five minutes regardless of texture and startingcolor.

Likewise, by way of example, a specific conventional bleachingcomposition is a 20 wolume hydrogen peroxide stabilized with 1% ofsodium stannate which without heat requires about thirty minutes tochange dark brown hair to light brown hair. When this same bleachingcomposition is applied to the hair and then the hair is emplaced in ahoodembodying our invention, heat-charged to a temperature of about 165'F., dark brown hair will be changed to light brown hair in about fiveminutes.

An example of a specific permanent waving solution is 6 grams ofammonium thioglycolate with sufficient ammonium hydroxide to establish apH of 9.3 and enough water to make up 100 grams of solution. At roomtemperature (without beat) this will take about twenty minutes to reducehair sufficiently for waving. When we employ the same solution to hairis reduced sufficiently for waving in about five minutes using ourinvention. For such waving, the hair is sectioned into tresses which arewound on rollers. Then the solution is applied to the rolled tresses andthere is placed on the head a hood embodying our invention heat-chargedto a temperature of about 165 F. The hair will he softened sufficientlyfor waving in about five minutes. The hood is removed and an oxidizinglotion of 10 volume hydrogen peroxide applied to the rolled tresses andleft on for about five minutes at room temperature to reharden the hair.Shampooing and rinsing follows.

Briefly reviewing the steps of our method as applied to coloring, thehood is plugged into a wall outlet to start the charging period duringwhich it will take about eight to fifteen minutes for thg hoocl to reacha tcmperatureequilibrium with its inner surface at a temperature betweenabout 150 F. to Ffpsdepending on the settings of the thermostats. If thehood is left connected for a longer time its temperature will stay atabout equilibrium. The hair coloring composition, is applied to thehair, and, after its application, the heated 11' hood is. unplugged andplaoed. over the hair, as illustrated in FIGS.. 2 and 3. The hood. isleft on long enough to.

omplete the treatment which for dyeing usually will,

take about five minutes. If at the end of this period the. treatment hasnot been completed, the same hood may be heat-recharged or another hoodwhich has been heatcharged is applied to the hair in place ofthesomewhat.

cooled-oft hood. Also, if the coloring has. not proceededto-aisufiicient extent because of exhaustion of the. coloringcomposition fresh coloring composition can be appliedto the hair and afreshly heat-charged" hood placed on tho'head. For example, if bleachingis performed, a second application of a bleaching composition may. beapplied" to the hair and the hair heated with one hood after suchapplication. It will be observed that the. hood by cooling downeffectivelystops the processing so that it has the built in safetyfeature of what amounts to an automatic shut-ofi.

It will be appreciated that because the hood is configured to closelyfita wetted mass of hair on the scalp, as is clearly illustrated in FIG.3, and is semirigid and flexible, there is practically a total absenceof air circulation. Hence, there is a minimum transfer of heat flom thehood to the treated hair by convection and die transfer is almost whollylimited to the transfer of heat by radiation; Also the hair after theheat treatmentis not noticably dried; apparently the atmosphere withinthe hood becomes so saturated during the mild heatingthatappreciableevaporation of the liquid carrier in the coloring composition isappreciably inhibited.

we have observed that by employing our apparatus and method, aparticularly. good uniformity of treatment, specifically coloring, isobtained, and that there is essentially no deterioration of thedesirable physical characteristies of the hair. We believe that the mildheat applied in the manner above described opens the hair shafts so asto permit the coloring or permanent waving composition topenetrate thesamemore easily. We have found that there is less irritation of thescalp using our method and; equipment than. there is employing the sametype of treating agents but allowing themto stay on the hair forextended periods of time as they have heretofor'e when wheat wasapplied.

It thus will be seen that we have provided asystem whieh achieves theseveral objects of our invention and which is well adapted to meet theconditions of practical use.

1-. A method of coloring or permanently waving hair on the human scalp,said method comprising, applying a chemical coloring or permanent wavingagent to hair on a human head, providing a semirigid, flexibleimperforate hood having an open mouth, a flexible inner layer andaflexible outer layer, said layers being spaced apart, athermostatically controlled a eal uniformly effective heating clementadjacent the inner surfaoe of the inner layer and spaced from the innersurface. of the outer layer, and a. thick flexible mass of heatinginsulation predominantly located. between the heating element and interior surface of the outer layer, said insulation serving to. nrcv dc at epmperatur gr dient; t am. the i n ay r to the outer layer, connectingthe hood while oil of the head to a source of electric power for aperiodof time sufficient to. heat-charge the hood. to. a temperatureequilibrium with the temperature of its inner surface at about 150 F.to. 190." F. and with the temperature, of itsoutcr surface not exceedingabout F. and thereby to. store heat in the heating insulation,disconnecting the hood from, the. source of electric power, the heatingelement and the, heating insulation being such that when the heatingelement is connected to a source of electric power the hood will. reachtemperature equilibriumin from about eight to fifteen minutes and suchthat when thedisconnected hood is ofi the head the temperature of itsinner surface will reduce to between about 100. and 145 in about five,minutes and to between about 90 to inabout eight minutes, and thenplacing the hood on the head with the hood in close proximity to thetreated hair so that convective transfer of heat from the hood to thehair is minimized and. substantially all of the heat is transferred fromthe. hood to. the hair by radiation to treat the hair, the cooling offof the hood automatically terminatsuch treatment.

2. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the heating element and theheat insulation are such that when the heated disconnected hood is offthe head the temperature of its inner surface will reduce to between120. to. 130. F. inabout 5 minutes.

3. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the, hood has asubstantially fiat plane mouth and wherein the mouth is held flatlyagainst a surface during the heatcharging period.

4; A method as set forth in claim 3. wherein the hood has a plug; forconnection to. a wall outlet and wherein a short flexible lead lineconnects the plug to the heating element, so that the. hood hangs fromthe plug when the latter is engaged with a wall outlet and swings themouth to a positionabutt-ing the wall.

5. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the hood is held with itsopen mouth. against a wall during the. heat'charging period and whereinthe internal surface of the hood reaches, its temperature equilibrium inabout eight to, fifteen minutes with the hood so positioned.

6. A method as set forth in claim 5 wherein the. hood during the.heat-charging period reaches a tem ature of at least l,0.0, F. on itsinner surface in about fivie minutes.

7. A method as set forth-.in claim 1 wherein the hood is, so. configuredthat, when the, hood is on the head, the hood covers. the brow, ear loes and nape. of the. user and is closely adjacent the. same.

ference Cit d UNITED SIATES P N 2,500,554 3/l950 MacDonald etal. 2l9--243,239,619 12/1966 Zellerman 1 32-7- QTHER REFERENCES. Zestowwave, ModernBeauty- Shop catalog, October 1950, section 1, p. 103.

LQUIS G. MANCENE, Prinuvyv Examiner.

G. E, MCNEILL, Assistant Examiner.

